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Noun Plural Forms

How do I form the plural of German nouns?

There are five main plural endings, plus umlaut changes, and no single rule applies to all nouns. You often need to memorize the plural form with the singular noun.

-e: der Tag → die Tage

-er (with umlaut): das Kind → die Kinder

-n / -en: die Blume → die Blumen, der Student → die Studenten

-s: das Auto → die Autos

No ending (often with umlaut): der Vater → die Väter, das Mädchen → die Mädchen

Example

Der Tisch → die Tische (ending -e)

Die Hand → die Hände (ending -e + umlaut)

Das Buch → die Bücher (ending -er + umlaut)

Die Frau → die Frauen (ending -en)

Der Lehrer → die Lehrer (no ending)

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